Upper respiratory infection

If you’ve ever had a cold, you’ve most likely experienced an upper respiratory infection (URI). URIs are extremely common, and usually mild, but they can be disruptive to your daily life. If you’re experiencing symptoms of a URI, we’re here to help. From initial diagnosis to treatment, we’ll work to relieve your symptoms and help you feel healthy again.

What is an upper respiratory infection (URI)?

Upper respiratory infections are common illnesses that affect your nose, throat, sinuses and lungs, making it difficult to breathe. URIs include colds, sinusitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis.

What causes an upper respiratory infection?

Most upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses, but bacteria and fungi can also play a role. Environmental and lifestyle factors can also contribute.

Some causes can include:

• Cold weather
• Contact with other people who are infected, especially if they’re coughing or sneezing
• High levels of stress
• Lack of sleep
• Pollen or other allergens
• Smoking or being in contact with secondhand smoke

Are upper respiratory infections contagious?

Yes, URIs are contagious. Typically, an upper respiratory infection is at its most contagious within the first three to 10 days, but you can be contagious for longer depending on the type of upper respiratory infection you have.

Upper respiratory infections are often spread through coughing or sneezing, but can also be spread through sharing food, drinks or utensils of someone who’s infected. You can also get the infection through contact with contaminated surfaces like phones, doorknobs, light switches and more.

Risk factors for upper respiratory infections

Upper respiratory infections can affect anyone at any age. Adults 65 and older and children under 2 are at the highest risk of developing an upper respiratory infection.

You may also be at risk if you have certain underlying conditions such as:

• A weakened immune system
• Chronic kidney disease
• Chronic lung disease
• Diabetes
• Heart disease

You’re also at a higher risk if you’re currently pregnant.

Symptoms of upper respiratory infections

Upper respiratory infection can produce symptoms both mild and severe. You'll most likely experience sneezing, coughing, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, fatigue and low-grade fever. Symptoms vary depending on whether the infection is viral or bacterial.

When should I see a doctor for a URI?

If your symptoms become severe, last longer than two weeks or come back frequently, contact your doctor. If you’re experiencing a high fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, dizziness or serious changes to your mental state, seek emergency care immediately.

How are upper respiratory infections diagnosed?

Upper respiratory infections are diagnosed based on symptoms and a physical exam by your doctor. Your provider will often examine your throat, nose and ears for any signs of infection, and will listen to your chest to check your breathing.

Your doctor may also do a throat swab or blood test to rule out other bacterial infections like strep throat.

Treatment options for upper respiratory infections

Since most upper respiratory infections are viral, antibiotics aren’t an option as they only work for bacterial infections. Treatment for URIs often involves pain relievers, decongestants and throat lozenges to manage pain. You’ll also want to prioritize hydration and rest.

Preventing upper respiratory infections

You can reduce your risk of developing and spreading an upper respiratory infection by:

• Keeping current on your vaccines, especially for COVID, RSV and the flu 
• Practicing good hygiene by regularly washing your hands and disinfecting common surfaces
• Masking and practicing physical distancing to prevent the spread of URIs if you’re sick or have been exposed